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Hearts of Steel
The Hearts of Steel, or Steelboys, was an exclusively Protestant movement originating in County Antrim, Ireland due to grievances about the sharp rise of rent and evictions.〔〔〔 The protests then spread into neighbouring counties of Armagh, Down, and Londonderry, before being put down by the army.〔
==Origins==
The "Hearts of steel," rose in 1769, against unjust and exorbitant rents, chiefly exacted by middlemen—speculators or "forestallers"—who took lands from absentee landlords at greatly increased rents, and made their own profit by doubling the rents on the poor tenants..〔(Joyce, P.W., "Irish Secret Societies (1760-1762)", ''A Concise History of Ireland'' )〕
In 1770 in Templepatrick, County Antrim a local landlord evicted tenants and replaced them with speculators who could outbid the locals for the land. At some point a local was arrested and charged with maiming cattle belonging to a merchant from Belfast, which spurred the farmers of Templepatrick to take up arms and march on Belfast to demand his release. The protestors surrounded the barracks and threatened to burn the house of Waddell Cunningham, who was one of the new speculators in Templepatrick. The soldiers in the barracks fired upon the protestors killing several and wounding others. The protestors eventually set fire to Cunningham's house and as the fire threatened to spread and destroy the town of Belfast itself, its mayor decided to free the prisoner.〔〔
Further consternation was caused by the sharp increase of rents throughout Ulster. At the same time the leases had expired for Lord Donegall's south County Antrim estate. Whilst he kept his rent at the old prices, he greatly increasing their renewal fee. These coincided with several years of severe harvest failures, which resulted in high bread prices. The result of this was that people were unable to support themselves or their families, being left in the utmost state of deprivation and destitution, with many evicted from their land for failure to pay.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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